(Robert A. Heinlein) Four Frontiers

08-08-03 READ (Robert A. Heinlein) Four Frontiers pic 108-08-03 READ (Robert A. Heinlein) Four Frontiers pic 2This is an omnibus vol­ume pre­sent­ing Robert Hein­lein’s first four “juve­nile” nov­els, orig­i­nal­ly pub­lished by Scrib­n­er’s in 1947, 1948, 1949, and 1950. Hein­lein wrote twelve sci­ence fic­tion nov­els for teenagers, and put more care and artistry into them than most writ­ers put into seri­ous adult fic­tion. Their impact has been aston­ish­ing, and they remain wide­ly read long after their sci­ence and “futu­ri­ty” has become out­dat­ed. They were tremen­dous­ly lib­er­at­ing for young read­ers, espe­cial­ly when you judge them in the con­text of North Amer­i­can soci­ety when they were writ­ten. Unlike any author writ­ing for young peo­ple, up to that time, Hein­lein treat­ed his read­ers with hon­esty and respect, as well as pro­vid­ing them with a rich intel­lec­tu­al feast. Hein­lein strug­gled with his edi­tors, who con­stant­ly pan­icked over the pos­si­ble “unsuit­abil­i­ty” of his treat­ment and sub­ject mat­ter. But they were devoured by libraries, and thus were avail­able to peo­ple (like me) who were in no posi­tion to buy books. Scrib­n­er’s pub­lished them in a hand­some for­mat, with illus­tra­tions of great artis­tic mer­it by Clif­ford Geary. I came to them when they were start­ing to show their age, but their “sense of won­der” and their moral impact remained vivid. Cit­i­zen of the Galaxy, for exam­ple, was one of the three books that most stim­u­lat­ed my life-long fas­ci­na­tion with the issue of free­dom and slavery.
 
Rock­et Ship Galileo (1947) was Hein­lein’s first attempt in the series, and it was crude com­pared to the books that fol­lowed. The plot of a sci­en­tist recruit­ing three teenagers to help him make the first flight to the moon because it nei­ther the gov­ern­ment nor cor­po­ra­tions could afford to do it, and mak­ing the jour­ney only to encounter a secret base of escaped Nazis was pret­ty ludi­crous. But it hint­ed at some of the dis­tinc­tive ele­ments of the lat­er books. The sec­ond, Space Cadet (1948), had a much more believ­able premise, and includ­ed a well fleshed out “future his­to­ry” con­text, and great tech­ni­cal accu­ra­cy. The plot thin, but much more believ­able, and the tech­ni­cal detail was exact. The book was so pop­u­lar, that it trig­gered a wave of “space cadet” tele­vi­sion and radio shows, among them Tom Cor­bett, Space Cadet and the lost Cana­di­an series Space Com­mand. For a few years, chil­dren all across the con­ti­nent ter­ror­ized their par­ents with plas­tic ray-guns and bub­ble space helmets.

08-08-03 READ (Robert A. Heinlein) Four Frontiers pic 308-08-03 READ (Robert A. Heinlein) Four Frontiers pic 4But it was with Red Plan­et (1949) that Hein­lein per­fect­ed his art. His evo­ca­tion of a Mar­t­ian land­scape, a human colony on Mars, and an alien soci­ety of Mar­tians was so vivid and detailed that it still seems crisply real­is­tic to read­er today, despite the fact that it is all com­plete­ly impos­si­ble. It was, in fact, every bit as impos­si­ble when it was writ­ten. Hein­lein used every trick at his dis­pos­al to cre­ate a plau­si­ble “Mars” based on the ideas expound­ed by Per­ci­val Lovell in Mars (1895), Mars and Its Canals (1906), and Mars As the Abode of Life (1908). In 1949, this vision of Mars had long been dis­card­ed by sci­ence. But Hein­lein’s pre­sen­ta­tion is so con­vinc­ing that one com­plete­ly for­gets that it was con­ceived with tongue in cheek. The same Mar­t­ian soci­ety appears, some­what dif­fer­ent­ly described, in his adult nov­els Dou­ble Star (1956) and Stranger In a Strange Land (1961). In fact, I can think of no oth­er case in lit­er­ary his­to­ry were there exists, in the work of one author, a con­ti­nu­ity in themes and detailed con­tent between a sto­ry for teenagers and a mas­sive Menip­pean satire writ­ten for adults.

In Red Plan­et, Hein­lein began to give the char­ac­ters an emo­tion­al life with some depth, along with the sci­en­tif­ic and social ele­ments. In Farmer In the Sky (1950), the saga of a youth pio­neer­ing on Jupiter’s largest moon, Hein­lein achieved the bal­ance between emo­tion­al issues and sci­ence fic­tion­al themes that was to char­ac­ter­ize all the lat­er books. Young read­ers learned as much about them­selves from get­ting in the skin of the char­ac­ters as they learned about the phys­i­cal world from the sci­en­tif­ic con­tent, and were forced to con­front issues that were tough and real. The prose style reached the stan­dard that he would main­tain through­out the remain­ing eight titles in the series. If you want to play an inter­est­ing, but futile game, try to get old read­ers of the Hein­lein juve­niles to agree on which of these books was the best. 

con­tains:
16386. [3] (Robert A. Hein­lein) Rock­et Ship Galileo 
16387. [3] (Robert A. Hein­lein) Space Cadet
16388. [5] (Robert A. Hein­lein) Red Planet
16389. [5] (Robert A. Hein­lein) Farmer in the Sky

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